• SUMMARY
• BACKGROUND AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
• TABLE 1
• PUBLIC PURPOSE AND PRIVATE INTERESTS
• TABLE 2
• TABLE 3
• POLICY OBJECTIVES AND POLICY INSTRUMENTS
• TABLE 4
• TABLE 5
• CURRENT TRENDS
• RESUMEN
• RÉSUMÉ
• RESUMO
• NOTES

* The original version of this paper was written under contract to the World Bank for a conference on “Education, Growth, and Inequality in Brazil” that was held in Rio de Janeiro in March 1991. The views expressed in this paper are the sole responsibility of the authors, and should not be taken to represent the views of the institutions with which they are affiliated, or of the World Bank. Specifically, the views expressed do not necessarily correspond to those of the Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada.

** David N. Plank is Associate Professor in the College of Education at Michigan State University, and Visiting Professor in the Faculty of Education at the Federal University of Bahia. He received his PhD from the University of Chicago, where he specialized in the Economics of Education. He has published widely in the fields of educational finance and educational policy, and has served as a consultant in these areas for the World Bank, USAID, the Ford Foundation, and Ministries of Education in several countries in Latin America and Africa. Antonio Carlos da Ressurreição Xavier is a senior economist in the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA, Brazil), where he has served in a number of senior administrative positions including Director for Public Policies and Director of the Training Center for Economic and Social Development (CENDEC). He previously served as Educational Director of the National Public Administration College (ENAP), and as Coordinator of the Division of Sectoral Planning in the Ministry of Education. José Amaral Sobrinho is a senior planning and research specialist in the Institute for Applied Economic Research (IPEA, Brazil), where he currently serves as Director for Education in the Social Policies section. For more than ten years he worked in the Ministry of Education, serving as Planning Coordinator for Primary and Secondary Education.